Women, Church Leaders and Affirmative Action
By Jeff McQuilkin |
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[Jeff McQuilkin has been pretty busy writing about women's issues on his blog, Losing My Religion. If you want to catch up you might want to read these posts:
There's this one,
and this one,
and this one...
oh, and this one here.]
In the course of an ongoing conversation about gender issues, both in the church and out, Erin posed a couple of interesting questions. Let me quote an excerpt of her comment here:
One thing I heard recently was something like this: "Well, we're not going all affirmative action just so women can feel included." In other words, in this case while they weren't actively excluding women, they felt that if they actively included women to something like an equal balance, they would feel like they were doing it just for the sake of it or that it would look to outsiders that they were bowing to the women to make them happy.
I also heard, specifically in the context of ministry, that there just aren't as many "qualified" (the definition of "qualified" being subjective) women to fill certain roles. It occurs to me that maybe the reason there aren't as many qualified women is because they haven't been actively given the opportunities in the first place.
Do you think that a practice of active inclusion of women to an equal degree has to happen in order for things to change?
And do you think there should be some admission of or responsibility-taking for the role men have played in creating the lack of "qualified" women in the first place?
I love the way Erin makes me think. I have a number of thoughts going on about this, and I hope I can share them coherently. (Being able to actually use the word "coherently" may be a good sign.)
First of all--I actually understand the objection in itself, or rather, the thought process behind it. Ever since the concept of "affirmative action" came to the forefront, I've had mixed feelings about it--because although I agree with the heart behind it, I don't believe it is the best way to deal with the problem of discrimination, either with race or with gender. It's akin to putting a band-aid on an open wound, or treating one symptom of the disease rather than going after the disease itself. It is an attempt to force a balance or equilibrium without dealing with the reasons why imbalance was created in the first place. And not only does it fail to prevent discrimination--in most cases, it simply moves it around, essentially shifting the unfair advantage from one group of people to another. So in one sense (and I say that guardedly), the objection has a point. A forced equal male/female balance in church leadership doesn't signal equality in itself, and if females were preferred over men just because they are female...it's just as wrong as when females are discriminated against. You can't solve discrimination by discriminating the other direction--and that's exactly why the affirmative action approach doesn't work. Equal opportunity only exists when people are given equal chance to qualify for a given position...not necessarily by forcing an equal representation among those selected.
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That said... there is the underlying issue that sometimes people aren't given the chance to qualify. In cases of race, minorities don't always have access to the same quality of education that whites in America do. And in cases of gender--particularly in the church--women have been in a culture of suppression for a long time, and when it comes to being prepared for certain positions in the church...many haven't had the chance to "qualify" for such positions. (And as Erin pointed out "qualify" is a subjective term.) So it is highly probable in many church circles that when leadership is trying to find someone to do a certain leadership task, more men than women will be in the pool of candidates, regardless of how open-minded the leadership might be.
So while it's true that the affirmative action approach won't solve the problem, that doesn't mean we don't have a problem, or that just providing "equal opportunity" will solve it. It seems to me that we need to be tackling the problem a little further back up the trail. First, we need to deal with the prejudice and bigotry that cause the oppression; and second, instead of placing under-qualified people into positions for the sake of balance, we need to be helping them qualify, so they have an equal chance of success.
So this leads to my dealing with the second question first: Should the men take any responsibility for their role in the under-qualification of women? In my opinion, the answer is yes. I'll address "qualifying" momentarily, but let's just say that to whatever extent we have church positions to qualify for, if women do not qualify, it is (at least partly) because our prolonged suppression of women has robbed them of the chance to do so. Thus, part of how we can move from a passive role to an active role in restoring women is to come alongside them and find creative ways to help them develop and refine their own skills and gifts. I know this is theoretical, and I don't presume to know exactly what that looks like in every environment. But I do believe that when we have the heart to restore the women, those solutions will present themselves.
I questioned whether I needed to say this, but because Erin mentioned that "qualifying" is subjective, I feel I should mention that in my view, the whole idea of "qualifying" for church leadership has been overblown, for men as well as women. Most of the hoops we make people jump through to qualify as leaders aren't really founded in the Bible. Just look at some examples of early church leaders: they range from Paul (a learned Pharisee fluent in multiple languages) to Peter (an uneducated fisherman from Galilee) to Priscilla (an apostolic female house church leader whose educational background is unknown, but whom Paul honored with the term "co-laborer"). There were no seminaries, no Bible schools; and when leadership criteria are mentioned in the New Testament, the focus is actually more on character than level of education. My point is, from a Biblical standpoint, there are a lot more women already qualified to lead than we might realize; we are the ones who often make the qualifying standards more stringent than the Bible dictates. If you disagree with that idea, you have the right; but either way, whatever standard we are using to "qualify" someone for church leadership, not only should the standard apply across the board, but prior to that step, we should be trying to ensure that people of either gender have the same opportunities to meet that standard.
Having said all that, let's look at this from yet another angle. Let's look at the first question again: is the active inclusion of women in equal balance with men actually necessary for change to happen? Apart from all previous discussion about the "affirmative action" approach, or how many women are qualified, let's approach this from the standpoint of who is asking the question, and why they might be asking, because I think it's actually a bit telling.
If you think about it, for someone to say they don't want to put women into leadership just to bow to pressure to appear non-sexist begs the question: Why aren't they already doing so regardless of what people think? In other words, although no one expects them to do it for the wrong reasons, it doesn't change the fact that they aren't doing it for the right reasons, either. To me, playing the "affirmative action" card in this case is little more than another deflection of the deeper issue. If they haven't already naturally enabled women to serve in leadership, then even defending that stance by saying, "We don't want to do it for the wrong reasons" reveals that there is still a heart change that needs to happen. Sorry if this offends anyone, but I think it still exposes a root of sexism, and a need for the heart of the man to be softened toward the woman.
So to answer the first question last, I don't believe active inclusion of women has to happen for change to take place. I think it's the other way around. Active inclusion of women is the sign that change has taken place--that we are changing the way we view women, the way we treat them, and the opportunities we afford them to qualify. It is the outward manifestation of the change in the heart. It is the effect of change--not the cause of it.
 Jeff McQuilkin is a songwriter, musician, minister and house church pastor from the Tulsa, OK area. A husband to a wonderful wife for almost 20 years, and father to a great son for 18 years. He loves music, movies, travel, and good food. |
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There is a very scholarly and definitive book about equality of women shown throughout the Bible. It was written about 75 years ago, and has been largely ignored (mostly by men). It can be found online at www.godswordtowomen.org It's a difficult read, but well worth it! p.s. be sure you have your Bible and concordance handy when you read this.
Interestingly enough, Charlie, that's exactly what happened in my home! My dad was a church planting minister with 1 son and 5 daughters. We all grew up doing anything that needed done. All of this was really no issue when we were living at home, because we were at a church where our dad was the minister and we were largely serving with the youth.
The challenge came when we moved away and began to bump up against those who said that we could not "lead" adult groups that had both women and men. It was quite a shock to me ... I remember it distinctly from back in 1974! It has been a long road, but all five of us girls were never discouraged by our dad when it came to using our gifts to serve the Kingdom.
We have three boys ... and hopefully it helps break stereotypes from that side, too, when boys grow up with ministering moms.
The affirmative action necessary, in my opinion, will have to start in the homes where moms and dads are raising their daughters.
Things change because peoples' hearts change. Sometimes this happens quickly other times it takes a long time. Until there is acknowledgement that our flesh is biased one way or another and there is a desire to walk in the Spirit and not in the flesh things won't really change. In the mean time what do you do with the issue of gender bias or any other bias? I think you address both the root causes and the symptoms. Waiting for hearts to change before giving women leadership positions is adding insult to injury to those women. I think more "qualified" (taking in to consideration women are less qualified because of bias) women should be placed in those positions while at the same time addressing the reasons why women are not already in those positions.
Well, I also don't like the idea of affirmative action in terms of filling positions... however, I do think there's merit in being proactive about developing younger women in leadership. If young women in a particular church have no exposure to women in leadership or preaching roles, then vocational ministry can be outside of their imagination. The unconscious message is that women do not have a place in church leadership. I think it's good for leaders to be subversive about this... to go out of their way to tap young women on the shoulder and ask them if they've considered training for ministry... to go out of their way to connect young women with mentors... etc. etc.
I've been involved in this kind of proactive business for the last few years (connecting emerging women in leadership with mentors, developing theological studies targeted for and marketed to women etc.) I don't know whether this is true in the States, but in Australia we will face a significant shortage of church ministers in the next 10 - 20 years as older ministers retire... and one way of addressing this is to encourage the participation of women into vocational ministry.
The research on this suggests women require mentors and role models, actual ministry opportunities, and "theological permission" (ie an intelligent explanation of those weird passages about wearing veils while prophesying or praying in the gathering because of the angels, or a few chapters later, instructions to be silent in church).
Positional affirmative action... no. Intentional actions to address gender imbalance... well that seems a pretty good idea to me!
Jeff, I could not have asked for a better companion article to mine, brother. Thank you for getting to the nitty gritty.
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The challenge came when we moved away and began to bump up against those who said that we could not "lead" adult groups that had both women and men. It was quite a shock to me ... I remember it distinctly from back in 1974! It has been a long road, but all five of us girls were never discouraged by our dad when it came to using our gifts to serve the Kingdom.
We have three boys ... and hopefully it helps break stereotypes from that side, too, when boys grow up with ministering moms.
I've been involved in this kind of proactive business for the last few years (connecting emerging women in leadership with mentors, developing theological studies targeted for and marketed to women etc.) I don't know whether this is true in the States, but in Australia we will face a significant shortage of church ministers in the next 10 - 20 years as older ministers retire... and one way of addressing this is to encourage the participation of women into vocational ministry.
The research on this suggests women require mentors and role models, actual ministry opportunities, and "theological permission" (ie an intelligent explanation of those weird passages about wearing veils while prophesying or praying in the gathering because of the angels, or a few chapters later, instructions to be silent in church).
Positional affirmative action... no. Intentional actions to address gender imbalance... well that seems a pretty good idea to me!